Turning Point

      The ancestral turning point

for Turtle Island, which is to identify, educate, train, develop, and organize as deep as possible, as much as we can our Folk First! Earth First! people into keeping the flame alive of our sacred land sacred sex sacred life, ancestral faith which is the Mimmir’s wellspring of our biospirit wellbeing. "I can touch your body and relieve all pain, if you want to be in pain, that's your trip." There is a lot of learning, unlearning, relearning, coupling and uncoupling screaming of biospirit to find what works in the wellbeing sphere of ancestral faith. Nature is door. Nature is entranceway. Nature is pathway authentic for most. ‘Never surrender.’, can not mean surrendering our stories. So I ask you, how can  ‘Never surrender.’, mean surrendering our stories?  ‘Never surrender.’, can never mean surrendering our stories. Surrendering our stories means surrendering our people to despair. Despair escalates into numb withdrawal. Numb withdrawal becomes erasure. We live within our talk. So respect what enters your hall. Respect the words you say from your mouth. Especially respect the fake sense of hiding anonymity of the online experience. Everything said online will be traced back to you and become a weapon used against you. Forget miranda rights, everything you say will be traced back to you and used against you as blackmail, to escalate further. Get it through your head every loosening of the noose is a trick to dox you then tighten that noose further. You are under attack. The true temple hall is you as a tabernacle. If faith requires renouncing your deepest ethnic connection to the bioregion and our ancestral DNA then that is entropy and pulling apart the fabric woven by the wyrd in the Norns.  We must have our own ancestral faith stories.  The human condition requires our adherence to connection within mythic heroic stories. Family is the pillar upon what all ancestral  faith stands. https://pgmanski.blogspot.com/2025/11/rune-way.html

      I am a ‘we’ within Folk First! making primary and central our ancestral faith as ultimate meaning in being alive, going deeper. For me as Wild Herb Ways this is the news, the message of ancestral vitalism being above ground breathing is as myself within the envelope of us, a people, sealed, set, stamped, sent, and delivered.       

My grandfather August Manski

       From Tacitus in his Germania describing me, my people, circa 75AD, “For myself, I concur in opinion with such as suppose the people of Germany never to have mingled by inter-marriages with other nations, but to have remained a people pure, and independent, and resembling none but themselves. Hence amongst such a mighty multitude of men, the same make and form is found in all, eyes stern and blue, yellow hair, huge bodies, but vigorous only in the first onset. Of pains and labour they are not equally patient, nor can they at all endure thrift and heat. To bear hunger and cold they are hardened by their climate and soil.” -Publius Cornelius Tacitus in Germania circa 90 C.E.https://youtube.com/shorts/cHMe0VKxKVA?si=kG4LMfFOx9-2sAko

      What is the envelope, sealed, set, stamped, sent and delivered? It is an ethnic indwelling spirituality based on biospirit on Turtle Island. Pay attention bio is actual touchable biology, the body and the spirit, mind are one together unit. Overcoming the ‘whatever’ and positing the ‘ok’ to wellbeing. Materials. Eating right, food with good fats, as close of possible natural whole unadulterated food. Food is thy medicine and medicine is thy food. Living in a relatively simple house, as much as possible a non- synthetic house. With natural law it’s about getting our biospirit gut mind frame back together. Getting a natural thinking process together. Do as much as possible synching with the same flow as happening in, within the natural world. As above, so below. Sobriety is key. Sobriety is sustaining a chemical integral balance in the mind. These are all recommendations about what you should do. You have to liberate biospirit, which includes your mind thinking process from the entertainment based AI electric media meme pathogens that function to inculcate negative outcomes, along with a dynamic health of body, which we call biospirit. So the process becomes looking into your own people. So the process becomes looking into the ancestral faith of our people. So the process becomes reanimating home as a nourishing place of belonging. So the process becomes concretization opposed to abstraction. So the process becomes being here now, deleting a generalized somewhere, ultimately belonging in your body, within a bioregion ecosystem as family, tribe, neighborhood. So the process becomes going into our white european ethnicity to bring a deeper tradition of home. Ultimately an ancestral brotherhood sisterhood of communal family Folk First faith.

Wotan

(fully armed, carrying his spear, before him
Brünnhilde, as a Valkyrie, likewise fully armed)
"Now bridle thy horse, warrior maid;
soon will blaze furious strife.
Brünnhilde, haste to the fray
to shield the Wälsung in fight!
There let Hunding go where he belongs;
in Walhall want I him not.
Then, ready and fleet, ride to the field." 

-Richard Wagner Die Walkure 

The ultimate guidance is pilgrimage, to find the genuine and bring it back as much as possible, Prometheus bringing fire. Wotan Odin gaining the runes through single pointed focus upon the goal of wellbeing. A religion without a female goddess is unbalanced. Frigg is the consort of Wotan and of the Æsir. Frigg is a goddess devoted to traditional motherhood within marriage and a style of intuition or prophecy. Closely related to Frigg is Freyja, Freyja is a vanir goddess. Freyja is a goddess more connected to what might be called eros, or wilder ecstatic sexuality and fertility including the field and harvest. Freyja’s style of prophecy is that of a female seeress called a völva. The  Völva was a seer who traveled from town to town performing acts of seðir in exchange for gifts, land, meat, food or lodging. It is believed that Freyja took on this role for the Gods of Æsir.

 

     So what are some of the main pathway journeys to ancestral faith? In a sense for many people there is a central uncoupling process from unproductive negative thought patterned belief systems that oppress our folk. So in a sense a shaking off of primeval guilt, original sin is a part of the process. These negative thought patterns within belief systems stem from an imposed artificial, unsubstantive primal guilt which is used to entrench negative repetitive outcome or failure. Yet the uncoupling process is a stage and can not be the essential focus for wellbeing and positive growth. If the uncoupling process becomes a de rigeur virtue signal outward attack into blaming others then that fundamentally violates self-reliance. Self-reliance within Germanic Wotanvolk should not be confused with selfish individualism which is a block to wellbeing. The uncoupling process is a stage of becoming and is not an end game which is a trap. In Germanic heathenism the natural world is the sacred world. The world we live in, in the here and now is the sacred world. In heathenism you are called to be strong and self reliant within folk cooperation. Stephen McNallen of The Asatru Assembly in California in 1982 outlined these nine points in the Runestone journal Anthology, listed in the references that follow..

    “ STRENGTH IS BETTER THAN WEAKNESS . . .

Let others revel In their vulnerability! We are not ashamed to be strong. The cult of the anti-hero will find no support in us. and the gods we follow are not for the weak.

. COURAGE IS BETTER THAN COWARDICE . . .

By facing life's struggles with courage, we constantly extend our capabilities. Without courage, nothing else can be done!

. JOY IS BETTER THAN GUILT . . .

Let us take pleasure in our humanity, rather than being ashamed of who we are. Misplaced guilt - because of our sexuality, or our strength, or our greatness has enslaved us long enough!

. HONOR IS BETTER THAN DISHONOR . . .

We must be true to what we are. and we must insist on acting with nobility rather than baseness. Our interior standards must be banners held high in our hearts.

. FREEDOM IS BETTER THAN SLAVERY . . .

We have no master! Those who would enslave us. whatever their excuse, are our enemies. The totalitarian ant nest is repugnant to us who demand the free, bracing wind of the Northlands.

. KINSHIP IS BETTER THAN ALIENATION . . .

The isolation and loneliness of modern life is foreign to us. nor Is It a neces¬ sary evil. We call our Folk to return to kith and kin. to family, clan, and tribe.

• REALISM IS BETTER THAN DOGMATISM . . .

Blind faith has no place in Odinism. Our ancestors may have been sublimely mystical, but they were at the same time severely practical. No pie in the skyj we must act in this world rather than calmly wait for the next.

. VIGOR IS BETTER THAN LIFELESSNESS . . .

Let us dare to be all that we can be! Let us take risks and taste the richness of life. Passivity is for sheep. We refuse to be mere spectators in life.

. ANCESTRY IS BETTER THAN UNIVERSALISM . . .

Odinism is not for all. It Is a product of the soul of the Northern peoples and is suited by Its very nature to our needs.” -McNallen, Stephen A., ed. Runestone: An Odinist Anthology. Payson, AZ: Asatru Free Assembly, 1982.

     Brünnhilde

(springs shouting from rock to rock up
the height on the right)
Hojotoho! hojotoho! heiaha! heiaha!
hojotoho! hojotoho! heiaha! heiaha!
hojotoho! hojotoho! hojotoho! hojotoho!
heiaha ha! hojoho!
(On a high peak she stops, looks into the gorge at
the back, and calls to Wotan.)
Take warning, Father, look to thyself;
storm and strife must thou withstand.
Fricka comes to thee here,
drawn hither in her car by her rams.
Hei! how she swings the golden scourge!
The wretched beasts are groaning with fear;
wheels furiously rattle;
fierce she fares to the fray.
In strife like this I take no delight,
sweet though to me are the fights of men;
then take now thy stand for the storm:
I leave thee with mirth to thy fate.
Hojotoho! hojotoho! heiaha! heiaha!
hojotoho! hojotoho! heiaha! heiaha!
hojotoho! hojotoho! hojotoho! hojotoho!
heiaha ha!
(Brünnhilde disappears behind the mountain
height at the side.)
(Fricka, in a car drawn by two rams, comes up
from the ravine to the top of the pass, where she
stops suddenly and alights. She strides impetuously

toward Wotan in the foreground.) Richard Wagner, Die Walkure

Other in the ancestral Odinist sphere outlined these nine virtues:

The Nine Noble Virtues

The Nine Noble Virtues and one interpretation of what they should mean.

1. Honour - Be brave, you have a duty to advocate up for your wellbeing and the innocent entrusted to your care. Your job is not to verbally argue your beliefs. Your duty is to do, to act, to create. What we believe is sacred and not open to ridicule. Do not turn the other cheek. Courage. By facing life’s struggles with courage, our folk constantly extend our capabilities. Without courage nothing else can be done. Always remember, our struggle is with, for and about the wellbeing of our folk. As much as possible do no harm, In all that you do, consider its benefit or harm upon yourself, your children, and your people.

“The miserable man and evil minded

makes of all things mockery,

and knows not that which he best should know,

that he is not free from faults.” Havamal 22 

comment: Irony and sarcasm is misspeech because it devalues word. Turning the other cheek is destructive, ill conceived and unworkable. Natural law that rules our lives is not a written constitution. It is like gravity. You throw a ball up in the air, it falls to the ground. It’s not a question of belief. Turning the other cheek to enemy out to harm is abuse. The enemy who sees you and your people as a patsy victim will attack again, as he senses weakness.

2. Truth  - Be honest with yourself. You damage yourself when you lie within our folk First! community. You have no obligation to telegraph your intentions to enemies who will use your truth to humiliate you. Speech has totally different rules depending on the distance from your inner circle. Truth. Blind faith has no place, test everything. Does it grow corn?. We must act in this world as it is, as you see it and are expected to respond to it with honesty towards our folk First! and towards others as it benefits the wellbeing of our folk. Your own family and folk, has the spark of divinity within it. Protect and nurture that spark above all. 

"Silence becomes the Son of a prince,

To be silent but brave in battle:

It befits a man to be merry and glad

Until the day of his death," Havamal-verse 15

HAVAMAL:

counsel you second; swear no oath

But what you mean to abide by:

A halter awaits the word breaker,

Villainous is the wolf-of-vows.

3. Industriousness: We work wholeheartedly together, gifting hard, and sharing intelligently the fruits of our labor with each other among our folk First! Earth First! brotherhood sisterhood family, faith and folk.

4. Fidelity. Remain true to one’s family folk and our values. Loyalty is the basis for all enduring Folk First! Earth First! activity and must be a critical component of your behavior within this circle. Give your word sparingly and adhere to it like iron. 

"With presents friends should please each other,

With a shield or a costly coat:

Mutual giving makes for friendship

So long as life goes well," Havamal - Verse 41

"A man should be loyal through life to friends,

And return gift for gift,

Laugh when they laugh,but with lies repay

A false foe who lies." Havamal - Verse 42

"A man should be loyal through life to friends,

To them and to friends of theirs,

But never shall a man make offer

Of friendship to his foes." Havamal - Verse 43

"Young and alone on a long road,

Once I lost my way:

Rich I felt when I found a another;

Man rejoices in man." Havamal - Verse 47

"The young fir that falls and rots

Having neither needles nor bark,

So is the fate of the friendless man:

Why should he live long?" Havamal - Verse 50

5. Discipline and Duty - Develop sobriety in self-discipline. Develop and carry through inner strength rather than relying on others outside our folk for stimulus. Follow our sobriety values. Resist the occupation of the dominant culture in everything you do. Teach others only within your circle. Living in the dominant culture, your first trust and responsibility should be to your own people.

"Less good than belief would have it

Is mead for the sons of men:

A man knows less the more he drinks,

Becomes a befuddled fool," Havamal - Verse 12

"Cattle die, kindred die,

Every man is mortal:

But the good name never dies

Of one who has done well" Havamal - Verse 76

6. Hospitality - Your hearth should be welcoming to friend, family and folk First!. Help those in need within your circle. Hospitality: Isolation, addiction, for profit mechanized war and loneliness of modern life is a weapon of the occupation. Folk are encouraged to share what they have with other folk, we are peace Pilgrims building the wellbeing of our folk, especially with folk travelers we encounter in our sphere.

"Fire is needed by the newcomer

Whose knees are frozen numb;

Meat and clean linen a man needs

Who has fared across the fells," Havamal-Verse 3

"A guest should be courteous

When he comes to the table

And sit in wary silence,

His ears attentive,his eyes alert:

So he protects himself," Havamal-Verse 7

"The wise guest has his way of dealing

With those who taunt him at table:

He smiles through the meal,not seeming to hear

The twaddle talked by his foes" Havamal - verse 31

HAVAMAL:
Fire is needed by the newcomer
Whose knees are frozen numb;
Meat and clean linen a man needs
Who has fared across the fells,

Water, too, that he may wash before eating,
Hand cloth’s and a hearty welcome,
Courteous words, then courteous silence
That he may tell his tale.

HAVAMAL:
I give you rede Loddf fnir— heed it well!
You will use it if you learn it,
it will get you good if you understand it.
Do not abuse a guest— or drive him out the door.
Instead do well for the wretched.

Fricka With darksome meanings wouldst thou mislead me: was aught of worth to heroes e'er granted which to their gods themselves was denied, by whose grace alone they may work?

Wotan Their own spirit's freedom count'st thou for nought? Fricka Who breathed their souls into men? Who lightened their purblind eyes? Behind thy shield bold is their mien, spurred on by thee they strive to arise: thou stirr'st them alone whom to me, thy wife, thou dost laud. With new deceit wilt thou now delude me? by new devices wouldst thou escape me? but not this Wälsung from me shalt thou win; in him find I but thee, for through thee dares he alone. Wotan In sorest sorrow (with emotion) he wrought for himself: my shield sheltered him not. -Richard Wagner, Die Walkure

7. Industriousness - Work hard to achieve your family goals and make strong your tribe. A day of no work is a day of no eating. Make do with little as long it is your own. What you have – HOLD! Never turn the other cheek to an enemy. Weakness and despair are the sins of erasure.

Be above reproach in the eyes of the world. Our people should always endeavor to settle any differences among themselves quietly and peacefully. If the laws of the land are beneficial to folk and family, they should be obeyed, if not do without.

HAVAMAL:
One’s home is best, though small it be
To each home is hall.
The heart bleeds in the beggar who must
Ask at each meal for meat.

HAVAMAL:
Wits are needful
to he who travels far.
The dull should stay home
The dull will be mocked,
who cannot sit with sages.

8. Self-reliance - Try not to rely on others, do what you can yourself so you can assist your tribe and provide for the wellbeing of your people.

Rely on oneself within the circle as much as possible and on others outside this circle as infrequently as possible. Take responsibility to create the freedom necessary resist the dominant culture to realize life’s goals and dreams

HAVAMAL:
Better alive than lifeless be,
to the quick fall ay the cattle,
the hearth fire burned for the happy heir-
outdoors a dead man lay

May the halt ride a horse, and the handless be herdsman,
the deaf man may doughtily fight,
a blind man is better than a burn one ay;
of what gain is a good man dead?

9. Perseverance - Life is a hard path at times, but push yourself on till you reach your goal. The fury of the moment plays folly with the truth; to keep one’s head is a virtue. Know which battles should be fought and which should be avoided. Also, know when to break off conflict. There are times when the minions of chaos are simply too strong or when fate is unavoidable. Live today to fight again tomorrow.

HAVAMAL:
The coward believes he will live forever
If he holds back in the battle,
But in old age he shall have no peace
Though spears have spared his limbs.

The Hávamál (passage 15) expresses the concept of boldness well:
Silent and attentive– and battle bold
should a chieftain’s son be.
A man should be glad and happy, until defeated by death.

Such sentiment is further expressed in Fáfnismál (passage 29):
Ever the fearless, but never the fearful
fares the better in a fight;
’tis better to be glad than in gloomy mood
whether all is fair or foul.

      Publius Cornelius Tacitus,  the 1st century Roman writer historian writing in “Germania”, described my ancestral people, the Germans having encountered them two thousand years ago.    

 “No nation indulges more freely in feasting and entertaining than the German. It is accounted a sin to turn any man away from your door. The host welcomes his guest with the best meal that his means allow. When he has finished entertaining him, the host undertakes a fresh role: he accompanies the guest to the nearest house where further hospitality can be had. It makes no difference that they come uninvited; they are welcomed just as warmly. No distinction is ever made between acquaintance and stranger as far as the right to hospitality is concerned. As the guest takes his leave, it is customary to let him have anything he asks for; and the host, with as little hesitation, will ask for a gift in return. They take delight in presents, but they expect no repayment for giving them and feel no obligation in receiving them.” -Publius Cornelius Tacitus in Germania circa 90 C.E.

https://youtu.be/EH-mU4p6UOY?si=ozgBBYm-YjIcQOrM

      My ancestral family members were said to be a people who emerged from the forested mountains, an indigenous self arising first people, a situated people who traced their lineage to the paleolithic with significant Neanderthal DNA in our ancestral genome. Along with the Basque people, my family Germanic lineage has up to 5% Neanderthal. Science now reveals that all human life emerged from Europe in the straight out of Europe discoveries, that prioritize our wellbeing, as the actuality authenticity unfolding through my human genome research. Our people trace their divine ancestry through to Rome and were Roman Catholic old believers. We are likewise linked to greek Hercules, who according to Tacitus visited Germania along with Odysseus.   “Germans, like many other peoples, are said to have been visited by Hercules, and they sing of him as the foremost of all the heroes when they are about to engage in battle. Ulysses also, in all those fabled wanderings of his, is supposed by some to have reached the northern sea and visited German lands, and to have founded and named Asciburgium, a town on the Rhine inhabited to this day. They even add that an altar consecrated by Ulysses and inscribed also with the name of his father Laertes was discovered long ago at this same place, and that certain barrows with monuments upon them bearing Greek inscriptions still exist on the borders of Germany and Raetia. I do not intend to argue either for or against these assertions; each man must accept or reject them as he feels inclined.” -Publius Cornelius Tacitus in Germania circa 90 C.E.

     We originated in a mountainous forested coal mining region close to the Germania described by Tacitus, today called Silesia. Today Silesia is Polish, German speaking in a region of modern Poland. My grandfather on my father’s side was named Augustus Manske, and we trace our descent through Mannus, Manske, one of the sons of Mannus, divine founder of our race. After having been gored by the bull Doldôth (Wild Death), Istrô becomes Swervandôth (Wandering Death). As the first to die, Istrô is also Furistadôd (First of the Dead), and as such, is ruler of the dead at Wîtansal (Wise Hall). He also takes on the title of Mokka (tr. “pig,” interpretatio Mercurius Moccus) in his role as hunter. 

     Within the ancient Eddas, the Poetic and prose Edda are the ancient hymns that are the “rainbow bridge” “blood of blood, bone of bone, earth of stone, wood of rune, air of fire, water of cloud”, which we recite sing pray in our blot, that link the abstract, mythic song of Edda to the concrete and historical evolution of the people. The Elder Futhark system of writing with 24 runic inscriptions was traditionally engraved with straight vertical and angled chiseled symbols. The Runic examples we have today are mainly inscribed in stone. There is also the Codex Runicus, circa 1300AD which used the 24 runic signs with an additional series of ‘dots’ to ‘or dotted marks’, to duplicate the latin roman alphabet. The Codex Runicus was written on sheepskin parchment, sewn and bound with wooden cover. 

      Tacitus the roman historian describes the use of runes in Germania:      “ Augury and divination by lot no people practise more diligently. The use of the lots is simple. A little bough is lopped off a fruit-bearing tree, and cut into small pieces; these are distinguished by certain marks, and thrown carelessly and at random over a white garment. In public questions the priest of the particular state, in private the father of the family, invokes the gods, and, with his eyes towards heaven, takes up each piece three times, and finds in them a meaning according to the mark previously impressed on them. If they prove unfavourable, there is no further consultation that day about the matter; if they sanction it, the confirmation of augury is still required. For they are also familiar with the practice of consulting the notes and the flight of birds. It is peculiar to this people to seek omens and monitions from horses. Kept at the public expense, in these same woods and groves, are white horses, pure from the taint of earthly labour; these are yoked to a sacred car, and accompanied by the priest and the king, or chief of the tribe, who note their neighings and snortings. No species of augury is more trusted, not only by the people and by the nobility, but also by the priests, who regard themselves as the ministers of the gods, and the horses as acquainted with their will. They have also another method of observing auspices, by which they seek to learn the result of an important war. Having taken, by whatever means, a prisoner from the tribe with whom they are at war, they pit him against a picked man of their own tribe, each combatant using the weapons of their country. The victory of the one or the other is accepted as an indication of the issue.”  -Publius Cornelius Tacitus in Germania circa 90 C.E.

           Work with the Runes. With quotes from Kummer, Siegfried Adolf. Rune-Magic. Edited by Edred Thorsson, Runa-Raven Press, 1993. Stephen McNallen founder of the Asatru Folk Assembly made it a point to popularize Wotan Odin on the peaks. Spending time in nature connecting with elemental forces. Offering blot yourself to the sky, earth, wind, the place, the season, doing this directly on your own terms. You should offer your own unique prayers, songs whatever to Wotan so that our people, our folk may live. Odin Wotan is an ancestor of our folk, of my my people. Wotan, Reyja, Frigg are alive that is the essence of this practice. Reach out to your ancestors, the past, your folk today around you, and our children to come for guidance on where you have been, where you are now and where you are going.

You can and should go out and make your own runes. As you go deeper in you will want to blood the runes. Blood the runes is a face to face talking point, to use your own blood on the runes. We carry in our blood the past. We call this indwelling divinity, ‘blood of our blood, bone of our bones and stone of the stone’ and it is a discipline, obligation, duty and virtue to preserve the linkage chain of our past to our present into our future. Past, present, future is of us, within us, as our children as a people. Make it a point to out and gather a piece of fruit wood, cut it in flat pieces. Mark the runes yourself. Or go out to a wash or stream and use the time to gather 25-30 flat stones of similar size and mark them yourself. The runes consist of 24 characters composed of straight lines that break and cross without curves. In addition a wyrd, or fate rune is used to denote a locked, hard condition that is to be dealt with, perhaps as a nemesis or root condition accordingly. According to our northern tradition, Oðin Wotan struggled to obtain the runes on Yggdrasil and we must do the same. Wotan infused them with his power when he hung on Yggdrasil, the tree of our folk sometimes called a world tree, for nine days. In addition, the concepts of Orlog, the law of cause and effect we live under natural law. Natural law and the divine spark which drive and limit events in the world, and Wyrd, strands of energy that are part of the universe, are important concepts. Each constellation of energy in our body, in the bioregion of ecosystem has as its symbol a rune form capacity of vital energy, that is working operating in some way. Just as you can follow a canyon and find a spring of water, you can follow these traces by working with them to facilitate wellbeing. The power of the rune is a vital force within the flow of natural law can be understood and dealt with for a positive outcome, and interpreted. Likewise the rune can be mishandled and drops a negative outcomes cascade. WYRD Meaning: a complex weaving of multiple fates or outcomes. Snorri’s Edda (Gylfaginning 15) names the three great norns: Urðr, Verðandi, and Skuld. Both Urðr and Verðandi have names that are forms of the verb verda, which is often translated as “to be” but specifically means “to become; to come into being.” Ultimately derived from the PIE root *wert- “to turn,” it is more dynamic than vera, the usual verb for “to be.” Urdr specifically means “that which has come into being; that which has happened,” whereas verdandi simply means “coming into being; becoming; happening.” Skuld (OE scyld) is related to English “should.”

It implies that something will happen because it must or needs to. In fact, it literally means “debt,” which is something that was incurred in the past but must be paid in the future.

Judging by their names, Urdr and Skuld embody aspects of both past and future (Bek-Petersen, The Norns in Old Norse Mythology, pp. 76-82). Urðr embodies past actions that are significant enough to have consequences, and Skuld embodies the future obligations that have been created by those past actions, while Verðandi is the balancing point between the two.Some add a 25th rune which has no markings at all. This rune can only impact the surrounding runes. The essential message is one of immutable fate. Whatever will happen is going to happen. This does not mean that it will be unpleasant – it may be quite the opposite. Others, however, do not have a 25th rune as part of the Elder Futhark

      Key Gods and Goddesses: Oðin Father of the Gods, associated with wisdom, poetry, and victory. Thor God of strength and might.  Frigga Mother of the Gods, wise, involved with family and children. Tyr One-handed God renowned for sacrifice, valor, and war. Balder Most beautiful of the Gods, soft-spoken, bold and good, the son of Oðin and Frigga. Skadi Mountain-dwelling Goddess who hunts on skis. Heimdal Watchman guarding the Rainbow Bridge to the realm of the Gods. Idun Goddess who keeps the magic apples that renew the Gods’ youth. Freya Goddess of love, fertility, and procreation, but with a warrior aspect. Frey Virile fertility God, whose domain includes love, joy, prosperity. Njord God connected with the sea as a source of food and prosperity through tradeWe carry in our blood the past. We call this indwelling divinity, ‘blood of our blood, bone of our bones and stone of the stone’ and it is a discipline, obligation, duty and virtue to preserve the linkage chain of our past to our present into our future. We must seek to preserve the roots of the Runic tradition where ever we find them. These roots are to be studied and understood for the value they have. For no one knows what wisdom might rise from these roots in the isto-be. --Edred Thorsson Yrmin-Drighten The Rune-Gil

“All languages of the world are derived from the Aryo-Germanic mother-tongue, which is both magical and alive. The Germanic Runic script is the script of all scripts. Runes are not just letters or verbal symbols, but primal symbols of a living magical nature which whisper to us.”  Invocation:  All-mother bearing Womb of the Good Continue to sustain us, Eternal spring of Blood, Strengthen us, we, and us as a people Folk First! Earth First!". Within the ancient Eddas, the Poetic and prose Edda are the ancient hymns that are the “rainbow bridge” “blood of blood, bone of bone, earth of stone, wood of rune, air of fire, water of cloud”, which we recite sing pray in our blot, that link the abstract, mythic song of Edda to the concrete wellbeing of us a people. Guard me against evil, dark powers and whiteguilt, give me Love, joy in being, happiness and strength to gain these runes. My heart glows, over Arising-Being-Passing away I stream sunward. For Thy power thanks; I have reached understanding through whispering Runes. I strive heroically nearer to Thee, therefore give me the knowledge and skill to walk forward on two legs above ground, blood of bone, wood and stone! Hail Odin Wotan! AllFather! Hail Frig and Freyja, all-mother! Hail our folk! Hail Victory!".

  You will now have the 24 or 25, made of a fruit wood, apple, choke cherry, or local flat, creek stones you have gathered, each marked with the sign. You now have the 24, or 25 runes if you are using a blank. You first reach into the bag and draw one at a time three runes, place them face down before you. You can keep the runes in a cloth bag, leather pouch. You can also use a fruit wood cup to cast them onto a white cloth, set on a flat surface. How you happen to turn the stones will change the direction of the runes to either an Upright-forward or Reversed backwards position. This can be part of the process of working with the runes. Only nine Runes read the same Upright and Reversed, the readings for the other sixteen will depend on how you turn over the rune wood or stones.

Drawing Three Norns (4) Once you have selected the Runes, they will sit before you in this fashion: reading from the right, the first Rune speaks to the Situation as it was, past; the second Rune (centre) suggests the present situation; and the third Rune (on the left) indicates the New situation that will evolve. If you are using a fourth, this will be the course of action, a kind of tack to take to solve the situation to positive outcome.

A Second Three Rune

There is another useful method of interpreting the Three Rune, particularly when the issue is one of Blockage Problem, in your life. In this interpretation, the first Rune you draw represents You now situation, where you are in your passage. The second or centre Rune is the Nemesis Rune, or Challenge Rune, or whatever is opposition, blocking you from reaching your goal, positive wellbeing Folk First! outcome. The third Rune stands for the Best possible approach, way forward, positive outcome of the situation after you have successfully met and worked with the challenge.

     Working a Runic Hammer

Work with this Rune hammer insight when you want a more complete picture of any situation and its fluid change dynamics. This working, calls for selecting six Runes, which are set out in the form of a Runic Hammer or Celtic Cross. The order of placing the runes is as follows:The first Rune represents history or the Past, that from which you or the situation are coming, what lies directly behind you as history. The second Rune represents You or the situation now. The third, or Future Rune, stands for what lies ahead of you or the situation, what is coming into being, what you should prepare to Hammer or overcome. The fourth Rune gives the Foundation of the matter under consideration, perhaps the more unconscious elements and archetypal forces involved. The fifth or Nemesis, or Challenge Rune tells you the nature of the obstruction obstacles in your path. The final or Best outcome Rune suggests the best the best result you can anticipate.

As a considerable amount of information is contained in the Runic hammer, this patterning often provides the incentive for deep thought and reflection. If, after laying out and considering these six Runes, you still lack clarity, it may be best to just stop. Or simplify and replace all the Runes in their bag and draw a single Rune. The seventh Rune, the Rune of Resolution, will give you the essence of the situation.

Keep a Rune Journal

As you establish working the Runes, you will find it profitable to keep a hand written cursive notebook of what you are learning. Write in cursive as this tends to involve both hemispheres of the brain. your issues and the guidance you receive. Write down the particular runes s cast and a brief interpretation in your Rune Journal. Note the time, date, weather, phase of the moon, and occasionally, the prevailing conditions, where you are, what's going on in your life, your general mood, state of health, physical energy level and so on.

Each of the 24 Elder Futhark runes has a 3-fold significance a symbol connected with a specific sound, a name that is the sound and an energy that combines the three. The Runic order is significant. The 24 runes of the Elder Futhark are divided into three groups called “aettir,” or “families.” Each aettir contains eight runes, and each of the runes within an aettir is believed to be connected in some way, either through their meanings or through their connections to ancestral faith of our Folk. The first 8-grouping or aett is called “Freyjas (and/or Freyrs’) Aett,” and it is associated with the goddess Freyja (or Freyr, Freyjas’ brother). This aett is associated with material abundance, fertility, as well as the natural world. The runes in this aett are believed to represent the forces of creation and the cycle of life. The second 8, aett is called “Hagall’s Aett,” and it is associated with the Aesir god Heimdall, who was also known as Hagal. This aett embodies transformation, change, and the passage of time. The belief is that the runes in this aett symbolize the forces of destruction and renewal. People call the third and last aett “Tyr’s Aett,” associating it with the Aesir god Tyr. This 8 group 02aett symbolizes social order, justice, and the structure of society. People believe that the runes in this aett symbolize the forces of order and stability.

MEANINGS THE RUNES

Rune: Fehu
The Meaning:
Fehu (F) –Cattle, livestock, riches, landed property, movable property.  “cattle or wealth”. It is associated with prosperity, abundance, and the natural cycles of life. FEHU Meaning: big-horned cattle, head of such cattle. This rune is concerned with worldly wealth and possession. Success may be achieved in the face of opposition if a cautious approach is assumed and one works hard and diligently
Sound: F, Element: EARTH
Germanic name: Fe (Fehu)
Norse name: Fé
Anglo Saxon name: Feo, Feoh
Icelandic name: Fé
Norwegian name: Fe

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Rune: Uruz

Meaning: Primal EARTH Element Energy. Primitive ox, wild ox. Uruz (ᚢ) - Meaning "aurochs" (wild ox), symbolizing strength and potential.

Uruz (U) – “Wild ox, Aurochs”. It is associated with primal power, physical strength, and the forces of nature.URUZ Meaning: aurochs, wild bison. The aurochs was a wild bison that roamed the countryside of ancient Europe and is now extinct. This rune represents change, something that requires shouldering new responsibilities, as the saying “taking the bull by the horns” implies.

Sound: U Element:EARTH

Germanic name: Uraz (Uruz)

Norse name: Úr

Anglo Saxon name: Ur

Icelandic name: Úr

Norwegian name: Ur

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Rune: Thurisaz

Meaning:

Thurisaz (Th) – “Giant, or thorn”. It is associated with danger, protective powers, and the courage to face challenges.Thorn, Giant, Troll. Thurisaz (ᚦ) - THURISAZ Meaning: thorn, giant, bitter frost, thorn. At first glance, thurisaz appears to denote sharpness and pain. It can equally be regarded as a protective shield or warning. The essence of learning is suffering, which can lead to growth and maturity. Meaning "thorn" or "giant", symbolizing defense or conflict.

Sound: Þ, Th ELEMENT:FIRE, war hammer

Germanic name: Thyth (Thurisaz)

Norse name: Þurs

Anglo Saxon name: (Thorn)

Icelandic name: Þurs

Norwegian name: Thurs

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Rune: Ansuz

Meaning: Primal AIR Element Energy God, Asa god, divinity. Ansuz (ᚫ) - Meaning "(a) god" or "mouth", associated with communication and wisdom.

Ansuz (A) – “God, thought to mean the breath of Odin”. It is associated with wisdom and the power of the spoken word.ANSUZ Meaning: Oðin, God, in a broader sense, father. The essence of this rune is advice and deliberation. This is a balanced rune. The best course of action is to take the advice of elders or to spend time deliberating before taking action.

Sound: A Element: Wind Wotan's cloak beard billowing in the wind

Germanic name: Aza (Ansuz)

Norse name: Óss, Áss

Anglo Saxon name: Aesc, (Os, Ac)

Icelandic name: Óss, Áss

Norwegian name: As

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Rune: Raidho

Meaning: Riding, Travel. Raidho (ᚱ) - RAIDO Meaning: wheel, travel. This rune signifies a need to move right away and a choice must be made. It can be both traveling on a journey as well as an inner or spiritual journey that will prove to be enlightening and uplifting. Meaning "wagon" or "journey", representing travel and movement.

Raidho (R) – “ride, journey”. It is associated with movement, change, and the journey of life.

Sound: R Element: EARTH, horses hindquarters hitched to a wagon, cart.

Germanic name: Reda (Raidho)

Norse name: Reið, Reiðr

Anglo Saxon name: Rad (Radh)

Icelandic name: Reið

Norwegian name: Reid, Reidr

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The rune's name: Kenaz

Meaning: Boil, carbuncle. Kenaz (ᚳ) - Meaning "torch" or "knowledge", symbolizing clarity, creativity, and illumination.

Kaunan/Kenaz (K) – “ulcer/torch”. It is associated with fertility, creativity, and the power of procreation. KENAZ Meaning: torch, in a broader sense, fire. This is a masculine rune and relates to making or receiving business offers. It also can mean inner quest, denoting spiritual enlightenment, such as the torch that lights the way. It is associated with the spring equinox, which can symbolize new life and fertility.

Sound: K (C) Element: FIRE, a torch casting it's own shadow

Germanic name: Chozma (Kenaz)

Norse name: Kaun

Anglo Saxon name: Cen, Ken

Icelandic name: Kaun

Norwegian name: Kaun

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Rune: Gebo

Meaning: Gift. Gebo (ᚷ) - Meaning "gift", symbolizing balance, partnership, and exchange.

Gebo (G) – “gifts, exchange”. It is associated with generosity, partnerships, and the exchange of energy and resources. GEBO Meaning: present, gift. A cross symbolizes closeness and union. A gift is often a symbol of a covenant, where one party receives and then, in turn, is obligated is some way to the giver. Nothing in life is free.

Sound: G Element: AIR, Either, hands clasped in greeting, shaking hands.

Germanic name: Geuua (Gebo)

Norse name: Gipt, Giöf

Anglo Saxon name: Geofu (Gyfu)

Icelandic name: Gjöf

Norwegian name: Giof

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Rune: Wunjo

Numerology number: 7

Meaning: Good fortune, Delight. Wunjo (ᚹ) - Meaning "joy" or "pleasure", representing harmony, comfort, and success.

Wunjo (W) – “joy, success” Associated with joy, success, and the attainment of personal goals. WUNJO Meaning: glory, victory. The principle behind the rune is of happiness derived from bending with the wind, implying that inner understanding and fluidity is important. On a more materialistic level, it means that the individual will be successful in the endeavor.

Sound: W Element: EARTH, tribal folk banner.

Germanic name: Uuinne (Wunjo)

Norse name: Vend

Anglo Saxon name: Wynn

Icelandic name: Vin

Norwegian name: Wynn

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Rune: Hagalaz

Meaning: Hail. Hagalaz (ᚺ): Hail, disruption, change, and natural forces.

Hagalaz (H) – “hail” Associated with change, transformation, and the forces of chaos. HAGALAZ Meaning: hail. This rune denotes limitation, that there is something or someone in the way of achieving the desired end. In ancient times, the weather dominated – either crops flourished with the right amount of sun and rain, or were destroyed by too little sun, rain, or hail.

Sound: H Element: WATER, Wind, storm, bridging mist and fire, ice fog of winter.

Germanic name: Haal (Hagalaz)

Norse name: Hagall

Anglo Saxon name: Hagall (Haegl)

Icelandic name: Hagall

Norwegian name: Hagall, Hagl

Other versions of the Hagalaz

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Rune: Nauthiz

Meaning: Suffer want, crowd, bondage, slavery. Nauthiz (ᚾ): Need, constraint, necessity, and self-discipline.

Nauthiz (N) – “need”. Associated with need, constraint, and the challenges that we must overcome in life. NAUTHIZ Meaning: need, necessity. On a material level, this rune denotes restriction. The individual is confronted by a situation that he/ she will not be able to change by drastic or headstrong action. On an inner level, this rune represents spiritual growth through hardship.

Sound: N Element: WATER, bow drill for fire starting.

Germanic name: Noicz (Nauthiz)

Norse name: Nauð, Nauðr

Anglo Saxon name: Nied (Nyd)

Icelandic name: Nauð

Norwegian name: Naudr, Naud

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Rune: Isa

Meaning: Ice. Isa (ᛁ): Ice, stillness, reflection, and inner strength.

Isa (I) – “ice” Associated with stillness, isolation, and the need for introspection and self-reflection. ISA Meaning: ice. Ice may both be very cold and very protective at the same time. This rune counsels caution. The best course of action is to take no action, to wait until the situation changes. Eventually, there will be a thaw and everything can turn back to normal. 

Sound: I Element: ICE, solid water, image icelcle

Germanic name: Icz (Isa)

Norse name: Íss

Anglo Saxon name: Is

Icelandic name: Íss

Norwegian name: Is

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Rune: Jera

Meaning: Year, harvest, produce, crop, good year. Jera (ᛃ): Year, harvest, fruition, and cycles of time.

Jera (J) – “year, harvest, abundance”. Associated with abundance, prosperity, and the cycle of the seasons. JERA Meaning: year, harvest. This is a neutral rune; it represents a wheel; no matter which way it falls, it is the same. This rune implies a time of reckoning, when things have gone full circle and must now be reviewed. It can also mean inner turmoil – two opposing forces within an individual. Being interlocked, they are contained.

Sound: J (Y) Element: EARTH, a sickle harvesting grain

Germanic name: Gaar (Jera)

Norse name: Ár

Anglo Saxon name: ger (Jara)

Icelandic name: Ár

Norwegian name: Jara, Ar

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Rune: Eihwaz

Meaning: Tree, Yew. Eihwaz (ᛇ): Yew tree, endurance, resilience, and spiritual growth.

Eiwaz (Ei) – “yew, or ash-tree”. It is associated with healing, strength, and the power of transformation. EIHWAZ Meaning: yew. Yew was probably the most important wood for the ancient northern people. The longbow was made from it, which provided both food and protection. It also held mystical significance as a symbol of death and resurrection. This marks the middle of the alphabet. 

Sound: Ë Element: Wood, branching yew tree

Germanic name: Ezck (Eihwaz)

Anglo Saxon name: Yr (Eoh)

Norwegian name: (Eo)

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Rune: Perthro

Meaning: Uncertain, but might be Stone, Rock. Perthro (ᛈ): Dice cup, mystery, fate, and hidden knowledge.

Perthro (P) – “pear-tree/wood”. Both its meaning and association is unclear. PERTH Meaning: vulva, secret. This rune remains a mystery. It may mean that something hidden is about to surface. In ancient Germanic, no equivalent sound existed. This rune is closely connected with the idea of destiny determining one’s life path at the moment of being born.

Sound: P Element: Fire Change, a wooden dice cup turned on its side

Germanic name: Pertra (Perthro)

Anglo Saxon name: Peordh (Pertra)

Icelandic name: (Perð), (Plástur)Norwegian name: (Pertra)

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Rune: Algiz

Meaning: Elk. Algiz (ᛉ): Elk, protection, defense, and a guardian.

Algiz (Z) – “elk” Associated with protection, defense, and the guidance of the higher powers. ALGIZ Meaning: protection. This rune can be a protective charm; the message is optimistic. It signifies that the individual is shielded from danger or difficulty during the time span to which the question applies. It is a rune of friendship and protection but is manifested through one’s inner self. Thus the person deserves what is received.

Sound: Z (-R) Element: AIR to WOOD, variable, Elk antlers

Germanic name: Algis, Algiz or Elhaz

Anglo Saxon name: Eolh

Norwegian name: Elgr

The Algiz-rune, the Elk-rune, should only be used when the sound of "r" is the last rune in a word. When you see runic inscriptions written with Latin letters, the Algiz-rune is written as a capitalized "R".

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Rune: Sowilo

The Meaning: Primal Elemental FIRE Energy. Sun, the power of sun. Sowilo (ᛊ): Sun, success, personal power, and finding light in darkness. 

Sowilo (S) – “sun” It is associated with success, victory, and the attainment of spiritual enlightenment. SOWULO Meaning: sun. This rune stands for movement and energy. It lightens adjoining runes and adds power to them. This rune also means to take proper care of oneself, to take needed rest to be able to continue on.

Sound: S Element: Lightning bolt, FIRE in AIR, change

Germanic name: Sugil (Sowilo)

Norse name: Sól

Anglo Saxon name: Sigel

Icelandic name: Sól

Norwegian name: Sol

Danish: sulu

German: sil, sulhil, sigo

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Rune: Tiwaz

The Meaning: Warrior, The god Tyr,Tiwaz: Tiwaz (ᛏ) Represents the god Tyr; symbolizes justice, honor, leadership, and sacrifice for the greater good.

Tiwaz (T) – “Tiwaz / the god Tyr”. As an extension of the god Tyr, it is associated with justice, honor, and the qualities of a strong leader. TEIWAZ Meaning: Tyr, in modern times, passion. The God Tyr is the original creator, later replaced by Oðin. The appearance of this rune points to battle, competition, and vigorous energy. The individual is about to embark on an enterprise that requires much energy – moral, physical, or both.

Sound: T Element: AIR spear point or arrow head, movement

Germanic name: Tys (Tiwaz)

Norse name: Týr

Anglo Saxon name: Tir, Tiw

Icelandic name: Týr

Norwegian name: Ty

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Rune: Berkano

Meaning: Birch, twigs of birch. Berkano (ᛒ): Means "birch"; associated with birth, new beginnings, growth, and fertility.

Berkana (B) – “birch”. It is associated with growth, fertility, and the cycles of life and death. BERKANA Meaning: birch. This rune is a fertility symbol. Since it represents the mother, it also represents the child. Success will not come of its own accord: effort and attention are required. This may explain the traditional duality of the birch, the “fruitless tree” – that all is not as it seems and much work is needed for success. 

Sound: B Element: Wood/ wind as in penetration, twin lobed birch seed, or a mother's two breasts

Germanic name: Bercna (Berkano)

Norse name: Bjarkan

Anglo Saxon name: Beroc

Icelandic name: Bjarkan

Norwegian name: Bjarkan

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Rune: Ehwaz

Meaning: Horse. Ehwaz (ᛖ): Means "horse"; symbolizes transportation, movement, trust, partnership, and collaboration leading to positive change.

Ehwaz (E) – “horse”: Associated with partnership, loyalty, and the bonds of trust and commitment. EHWAZ Meaning: horse. This rune is largely neutral, implying travel and possible change. On a more mystical level, the rune signifies a need to establish strong connection between oneself and his/her emotions. The horse is a traditional symbol of power that can lead to liberation if understood and handled correctly.

Sound: Ë Element: Horses head bridal and reins

Norse name: Ehol, Ior

Germanic name: Eys (Ehwaz)

Anglo Saxon name: Eoh

Icelandic name: Eykur

Norwegian name: Eh, Eol

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Rune: Mannaz

Meaning: Man, husband, human being. Mannaz (ᛗ): Means "man" or "mankind"; represents humanity, the self, individuality, and the importance of community and mutual support.

Mannaz (M) – “man”. It is associated with humanity, society, and the relationships that we have with others. MANNAZ Meaning: man, mankind. This rune symbolizes that people are alone, yet not alone. Individuals are separate entities, yet part of the human race and the universe. This rune may point to civic and social duty. On a spiritual level, it can also mean that others must be put behind to tread a new and lonelier path that leads to progress. 

Sound: M Element: Family, tribe, Folk

Germanic name: Manna (Mannaz)

Norse name: Maðr

Anglo Saxon name: Mann

Icelandic name: Maður

Norwegian name: Madr

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Rune: Laguz

Meaning: Primal Elemental WATER Energy. Laguz (ᛚ): Means "lake" or "water"; associated with formlessness, intuition, life's flow, emotional depths, and potentiality.

Laguz (L) – “water or lake”. It is associated with flow, emotion, and the power of the unconscious mind. LAGUZ Meaning: water, lake. This rune represents the hidden side of an individual’s nature. Water is regarded as one of the four elemental forces, with fire, earth, and air. It is associated with the moon. It is a counter to the logical side and is more intuitive. It is also associated with the feminine, passive, and receptive principle.

Sound: L Element: Water, lake, marsh

Germanic name: Laaz (Laguz)

Norse name: Lögr

Anglo Saxon name: Lagu

Icelandic name: Lögur

Norwegian name: Laukr

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Rune: Ingwaz

Meaning: Phallus, name of a God. Inguz (ᛜ) Means "Ing" (an old Germanic earth god) or "seed"; symbolizes stored energy, potential, growth, harmony, and the release of energy when the time is right.

Ingwaz (Ing) – “Ingwaz, old name for Freyr”. It is associated with completion, fulfillment, and the attainment of personal goals. INGUZ Meaning: Ing. This is the Danish/Anglo-Saxon name of Frey, the God of agriculture and fertility. It is viewed almost always as a good omen. On a more spiritual level, the individual is soon to achieve a state of inner peace and balance.

Sound: NG Element: AIR, FIRE, spark, burning ember

Norse name: Ing, Ingvarr

Germanic name: Enguz (Ingwaz)

Anglo Saxon name: Ing

Icelandic name: Ing

Norwegian name: Ing

Ing, or Yngvi (an "other name of Frey") is a god of fertility and conquering. Ironically, in the Norse tradition it was often the women who conducted rites involving sexuality. Ing is related to the old Nerthus-cult which dealt with the mystery of fecundity and birth.

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Rune: Othala

Meaning: Allodium, Land-holding, Inheritance. Othala (ᛟ): Othala: Means "inheritance" or "homeland"; associated with ancestry, legacy, property, belonging, and spiritual heritage.

Othala (O) – “home”. It is associated with inheritance, property, and the transmission of cultural and spiritual values from one generation to the next. OTHILA Meaning: property, possession. This rune represents possessions, land, and building, often represented by the home. The rune implies some sort of restriction or limitation, hence the land, which carries with it duties and obligations. It makes people look where they come from, where they are, and where they are going.

Sound: O Element: EARTH, homestead, FOLK, house framing, wood

Germanic name: Utal (Othala)

Norse name: Oðal

Anglo Saxon name: Otael (Ethel)

Icelandic name: Óðal

Norwegian name: Odal

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Rune: Dagaz

Meaning: Day. Dagaz (ᛞ): Means "day"; represents a new dawn, enlightenment, breakthrough, hope, and polarity.

Dagaz (D) – “day”. It is associated with transformation, enlightenment, and the attainment of balance and harmony. DAGAZ Meaning: day. This is a rune of new beginnings, the dawn of new ideas. It is a very optimistic rune and shows that good times are on the way. It is often more about a state of mind than material matters. This process of inner acceptance often has a positive outward result.

Sound: D Element: AIR Sunrise, sunset,

Germanic name: Daaz (Dagaz)

Norse name: Dagr

Anglo Saxon name: Daeg

Icelandic name: Dagur

Norwegian name: Dagr

WYRD Meaning: fate. Some add a 25th rune which has no markings at all. This rune can only impact the surrounding runes. The essential message is one of immutable fate. Whatever will happen is going to happen. This does not mean that it will be unpleasant – it may be quite the opposite. Others, however, do not have a 25th rune as part of the Elder Futhark

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 The last 8 runes in the Elder Futhark, which I want to take a closer look at, in relation to their sound, pronunciation and the meanings of those remaining runes: Tiwaz, Berkano, Ehwaz, Mannaz, Laguz, Ingwaz, Dagaz, Othala. 

     

      Tracing my ancestral Folk family tree. All my parents, and grandparents were Catholic, either Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox. To the best of my knowledge I never met face to face any of my grandparents, as they died before I was born. Three of my grandparents were of Germanic, Polish, Austrian descent and were born in Europe at latitude 54N. I mention the latitude north because all of the United States even north Washington state, is below 49N latitude. So the area where my grandparents were born in Europe is at least 350 miles north of anyplace in the continental lower 48 states. The same latitude in North America would be Prince Rupert or New Brunswick in Canada. To the best of my knowledge all of my grandparents passed away before I was born. My mother Irene Rebbecca Rosol, was an orphan raised by her sisters Catherine, Anna and Helen Rosol. They lived in a small row house on Fleetwood Street on Polish Hill in Pittsburgh. My father was a member of the Fleetwood Wheels, a Polish group there, he lived nearby with his mother Marie Manski who was an unmarried single mother. My father’s family aunts and uncles I remember, all spoke Polish as their first language. Actually the aunts and uncles of both sides of my family mother and father, were native 1st language Polish speakers. They attended a long gone Polish catholic church school, then a tradition in european immigrants in eastern cities. They spoke mainly Polish at home. None of the women drove cars or had driver licenses. Not a single one of them attended college. Weddings, funerals and Christenings were elaborate serious parties with a lot of drinking, talking and feasting eating. Funeral wakes would last several days and men did not work. It was an insular ethnic european expatriate world, although I don’t think any of us saw it that way. Our people did not travel very far in that world. Which seems kind of crazy because all of their parents left their homes, families, brothers, sisters, parents, came to America and then basically their children hunkered down no more than 30 or 40 miles from where their parents landed in America.  I think a lot of that not moving had to do with what no one could mention or say outloud. My people were pretty poor. They didn’t have money to go anywhere. Another thing, America was kinda of a scary place for first generation Polish immigrants. America sounds amazing dazzling on paper, in the media, but for these people it was unfamiliar and strange everywhere they went. You could easily get ripped off. I mean these people, my people grew up speaking Polish. We weren’t really American. My grand mother was a maid, a cleaning woman. As I said before not a single one of this generation went beyond the high school. Although some my oldest Polish speaking, then living aunts, on my father’s side, now long passed away Aunt Sophie, Ciotka-Anna, Anna, Aunt Ester mentioned there was a meeting while I was an ‘infant child’, with a  mysterious figure my grandfather George John Sharraf, who would become in adulthood, a physician and state senator who allegedly fathered, though never married my grand mother Marie Manski, who worked at the Sharraf house as a cleaning woman, maid. The Sharraf family were members of the Lebanese Maronite Catholic church, as the names John and George are Christian names with George being the patron saint of Lebanon.  The Sharraf family were immigrant merchants who settled in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, from the Sultanate of Turkey in Syria. I found a ‘Declaration of Intention’, from 3 August 1909, for my fathers grandfather John Sharraf born 6 January 1864 who emigrated from Havre France, He arrived at Ellis Island New York, New York in 1888 at age 24. John Sharraf in 1909 at age 45 was 5’9” 176 pounds, had a dark complexion and blue eyes, with grey hair, he came from Lisbo, Syria and was a subject of the Sultan of Turkey of the Ottoman empire. 

Marie Manski, my grandmother who I never met, daughter of great grand father August and Suzanna Manski, apparently had a relationship with a son living in the home, George Sharaf. Who herself was in a kind of limbo, as unmarried motherhood. Illegitimate children out of wedlock was a stigma at that time. “George J. Sarraf, Allegheny County, 1935-1956 Dr. Sarraf graduated from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and began his career as a physician. In his youth, Sarraf served in WWI as a private in the Army. During WWII, he again answered the call to serve, this time as a major in the Army Medical Corps, working as a surgeon. When Sarraf was reelected for his 6th term in office in 1944, he was never sworn-in for the session, and remained at Camp Hood, Texas, until 1946. In his absence, he stayed in touch with his fellow Members writing, “I sure miss being down there with you.” The House sent him their well-wishes in return and offered a congratulatory resolution saying, “It is great to get this message from one of us who has voluntarily chosen to use his professional skill for the benefit of sick and injured boys in the service when he could easily have been safely here with us.” While in office, Sarraf served on a Joint Legislative Committee on Mental Health Laws for the 1947-1948 session, putting his medical knowledge to use. He served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1956 until his death in 1966.”  Maybe there was a meeting, with him I do not remember the meeting. To the best information available, My great-great grand parents on my father’s side were Franz Manski, Burial: April 1906, Lubiszewo Tczewskie, Tczew, Pomerania, Poland and Ewa Felska. They lived their whole lives on the south shore of the Baltic sea in the time period. The surname Felske has its roots in Germanic and Slavic origins, primarily associated with the regions of Germany and Poland. The name is believed to derive from the Middle High German word fels, meaning rock or cliff, which may have been used to describe individuals living near rocky terrains or cliffs. Over time, the surname evolved, with variations appearing in different regions, reflecting local dialects and linguistic changes. Felske may have also been linked to occupations related to stone masonry or mining, indicating a connection to the natural landscape and the skills of those who bore the name.https://youtube.com/shorts/iXJim9CarHU?feature=share

       Through the name of my great grandfather, on my father’s side, ‘August Manski’ was linked to a traditional Germanic lineage, Roman lineage of Gaius Octavious Agustus Emperor of Rome who lived from 63 BC to AD 14. August Manski, 1866-1932, my great grand father was born in Uhlkau, Dirschau, West Prussia, Prussia, where the Vistula river flows north into the Baltic sea, in 1866. He lived for 66 years and died in Pittsburgh, Allegheny Pennsylvania, 16, January 1932. His 1866 birth place is approximately 5 miles south of the Baltic sea in the modern nation Poland, bordering modern Poland, Germany, Lithuania, and Denmark and Sweden on the northern Baltic sea. This area in 1866 was a disputed territory between the kingdom of Prussia, Poland, Austria, Lithuania and Germany. Administrators, teachers and the people were able to speak both Polish and German. The area was a broad flat agricultural plain and has ship building tradition at modern Gdansk Poland. Dirschau, West Prussia, Prussia was historically the scene of wars and territorial disputes dating from the 1300’s to modern times passing back and forth between general Germanic control. August Manski left the Baltic sea area alone and traveled to Pennsylvania.

In Pennsylvania my great grandfather August Manski married  great grandmother Susanna ‘Susie’ ‘Yuzie’ Suzun Podjacki, also known as ‘Zuzanna Mainske’ born 1873 and while married in Pennsylvania gave birth to my grand mother Marie Manski born 22 February 1894. My grandmother Marie Manski at age 29, had a relationship, unmarried with 22 year old George John Sharraf born 14, March 1900 (1900-1966) died age 66 on 9, September 1966. This relationship is listed on the marriage license of my mother Irene Rebecca Rosol who was at that time was a ward orphan under the care of Helen Turocy Rosol, her sister, then a seamstress at Joseph Horne department store in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. My mother lived in a row house at Fleetwwod street on Polish Hill and attended the Polish church there the Immaculate Heart of Mary Church. 0

      It then part of the Austrian empire, ruled by The Emperor Franz Joseph I 1848-1916. Franz Joseph I’s father and grandfather was within the Hapsburg family traced to the Holy Roman Empire.

     According to Tacitus in Germania, The Istrô (or Istaev) theonym is attested through the Istaevone ethnonym, supported by Tacitus’s claim that the Irminones, Ingaevones, and Istaevones are named after brother Gods:“… they -’the German people he encountered’ celebrate the god Tuisto (Frk. Tîwiskô), sprung from the earth, and his son Mannus (Frk. Mannô), as the fathers and founders of their race. To Mannus they ascribe three sons, from whose names the people bordering on the ocean are called Ingaevones; those inhabiting the central parts, Herminones (Irminones); the rest, Istaevones.” (Germania, Oxford tr.)” My grand parents, grand father on my mother’s side likewise came from this same region. His name was Adam Rosol, He was born in Poland in 1880- died in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania in 1937. Polish (Rosół, Rosoł): from rosół ‘clear soup, beef tea’. This word is found in the idiomatic expression, ‘rozebrany do rosółu’.  ‘stripped to the skin’, and this idiom may be the source of the surname as a nickname. My grand mother on my mother’s side was, Mary Anna (Vecza) Tecza born in what is now Poland 1885-1935 and died age 50 in 1935 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. They both came to Turtle Island which was at that time known and understood as the eastern paw of Turtle Island, also known as a United State. Their parents likewise lived in the Silesia portion of Germania. Nowy Targ is also famous for its monuments, national parks and mountainous areas. . Built in 1346, St. Catherine of Alexandria church is probably the oldest existing church of the Podhale region. Its founder was King Casimir the Great.  Franciszek or Francis or Frank John Rosol

Birth: 28 Nov 1878 - Aielonka near Rzeszow, Poland

Death: 1898 - Zielonko, Poland. Magdalena Sikora

Birth: 1857 - Nowytarg, Galicya, Poland

Death: 1937   

     The German people possessed a unique spiritual perspective rooted in hero gods, linked to the place.  as groves of trees. They were a 

  “They say that Hercules once stopped among them, and those who are about to enter a battle always sing his name before those of all other brave men. They also make use of songs, the recital of which (called the ‘barditus’ or ‘war cry’ by the Germans) inflames the spirits of the soldiers and foretells the fortune of the battle to come by its sound. They either instill terror, or shake with fear as the battle-line has sounded, and it sounds less like the sound of a voice than of manly ardor itself. A broken murmur and harshness of sound are also produced when their shields are lifted to their mouths, so that the voice can sound more fully and gravely by the reverberation.”  - -Publius Cornelius Tacitus in Germania circa 90 C.E.

     “Let me begin to sing of the Muses of Helikon, who abide on the great and holy Mount Helikon. Around the deep-blue spring, with dainty feet, they dance, and around the altar of the mighty son of Kronos. 5 Washing their tender skin in the waters of the Permessos or of the Horse’s Spring or of holy Olmeios, they set up their choral songs-and-dances on the highest point of Helikon. Beautiful and lovely, these [these songs-and-dances]. They are nimble with their feet. Starting from there [the top of Helikon], covered in plenty of mist [invisible], 10 they go about at night, sending forth a very beautiful voice, singing of Zeus the aegis-bearer and lady Hera of Argos, who walks about in golden sandals, and the daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus, Athena, and Phoebus Apollo and Artemis who shoots her arrows, “ -Hesiod Theogony lines 1-14 translated Gregory Nagy

     How long has this been going on? Well a long while. I didn’t just grab an expensive microphone with a super fast video intranet connection and start a podcast. Physically I am ugly. It would be nice if every beautiful young, sexy, person had a bountiful beautiful authentic heart. There’s a premise cream rises to the top. The universe supports authenticity. Blah, blah, blah. How much suffering have you had is probably more important than how many plastic surgeries you have had. I posit and demonstrate ancestors and ancestral faith to facilitate wellbeing in first my family then outward in an increasing circle as tribe amongst us. So these are message lessons from us, in us, to the we of tribe as a people. We focus, highlight, deep dive ancestors and ancestral truths to strengthen and empower and embolden us, we as a people to deepen our wellbeing action. We become meaningful by making meaning the we of us as a people and bring to the group politik of governance table what we can to nourish our collective safe strong container to maximize our wellbeing of us resiliency. We as an us, Folk First!, our people on Turtle Island and myself of Germanic heritage as a we of us, are a people and our heroic history is derived from worship of our real time knowable recent ancestors as in genealogy and inculcation of Folk First heroic ancestors. 

     Loving our folk on a fundamental level is the only way. Loving is a positive thing not derivative from parasitic abrahamic faiths that while appearing our own are at this time occupied and always pointing away from us as a people. We have to go small and intimate. To see the powers of nature are intimate immanent gods, as in polytheistic and irreconcilable with monotheistic abrahamic imposed faiths.

      https://pgmanski.blogspot.com/2025/11/plantago-major-plantain.html "  In the heritage Basque language of Neandertal, “Zerua hartzez beteta dago. The bear's mother's name is Maria. Hartzaren amaren izena Maria da.” The Bear stars are many things in the north, a cleaver or obsidian axe, made of stone, the hammer.  The bear stars are Karlsvagan, Karl’s wagon, or Charles wagon, from the anglo saxon churl for man, like volkswagon the folk’s wagon. The large wagon is Wotanchristvgon, the Wotan christ way path and the smaller wagon is Kevenavagan, Freya’s wagon, the man’s wagon cart and the woman’s wagon cart. Dawn stands the east and Evening for west. 

      Plantago was written described as a constituent of the 10th century Anglo-saxon plant spell, The Nigon Wyrta Galdor. “Nine Herbs Charm”‘way-bread’, the foot pathway daily bread panacea plant.

“ + Ond þu ƿegbrade ƿyrta modor

east[a]n op[e]ne inn[a]n mihtigu

ofer ðy cræte curran ofer ðy cƿene reodan

ofer ðy bryde bryodedon ofer ðy fearras fnærdon.”

“And you, Waybread, plant-mother!

You’re open to the east, yet mighty within:

Carts creaked over you, women rode over you,

over you brides bellowed, over you bulls snorted!”

“+ And you, wegbrade, mother of worts,
open to the east—within, mighty,
over you carts creaked, over you women rode,
over you brides yelled, over you oxen snorted.

All you withstood and pushed back against,
so might you withstand venom and on-fliers,

and the loathsome one that fares across land.” - 10th century Anglo-saxon plant spell, The Nigon Wyrta Galdor.In addition to recent and distant past ancestors we deepen virtues likewise to empower us. It is a point of honour to know and deepen who we are, where we come from and therefore gain insight where we are going. Ancestry, loyalty, clear headed sobriety, bravery, and heroic virtues are the stuff, the tools and lexicon we have to bond with the wellbeing good and decouple from the dis-ease illness that defeats wellbeing. We carry in our blood the past. We call this indwelling divinity, ‘blood of our blood, bone of our bones and stone of the stone’ and it is a discipline, obligation, duty and virtue to preserve the linkage chain of our past to our present into our future. Past, present, future is of us, within us, as our children as a people. We respect preserving and strengthening our uniqueness whatever it was, is, or will be because we are inherently good and blessed only as us within our existing wellbeing. Whatever the cause origin or description to have shame guilt for us, shame guilt for our ancestors is a pathological mind virus mental illness that leads to erasure of the inherent biospirit. Loving one’s people is a description of the health state. Loving one’s folk, Folk First! Is the natural state. Loving one’s folk simply can never emerge from a hate mode. The hate mode is within entropy and tearing apart. If a person focuses emotional energy on reaction as the primary outlet then that is within controlled opposition within defeatist deconstruction. Hate, anger, vitriol is primarily a misplaced male warrior energy, valid but ineffectual within the context present to us. The self perpetuating force in nature under natural law is the health state and within tool using hierarchical animals emerges as male female generative energy. The male female generative energy is genetically gene expressed as monogamous male female marriage. Marriage is a sacramental form and although it emerges within male female generative energy, it is a celebrated sacred land, sacred sex, sacred ownership property. The hate, anger, and vitriol of the deracinated, socially minimalized white male as an anonymous keyboard meme warrior on social media is fundamentally fake and ineffective.

      One negative already done tack steering is blaming others for what is essentially our problem. We by focusing demarking the causes and origins of this meme pathogen mind virus of shame and white European guilt invoke Promethean victory only by focusing on us, we. We must become positive offensive rather than negative defensive. We must go straight into wellbeing. We see the world and everything in it as a challenge of choice. Within our ancestral european faith as experience we gate keep through discipline the sum total of everything into a plus vs minus lexicon of seeing and becoming. To us in this well being community everything becomes yes vs no,  strength vs weakness, convergence vs entropy, pulling together vs pulling apart, courage vs cowardice. 

     “Convergence vs. Entropy

Everything in existence is either coming together or pulling apart, reaching a state of order or a state of chaos.Typically, all things are in a constant flux that equals a balance between the two, for we are all both living and dying at the same time. However, we all strive towards life and try to move away from death as beings of convergence. Death is inevitability, but that does not mean that we want to die right now. We have a survival instinct, because we embrace life and the living, even when we pretend that we do not. Because we embrace life, we seek to converge or commune with other living things, especially other people. This is manifested in its highest form with family, community, and tribe. Our lore represents this idea clearly in the constant battle between the Gods as representatives of order, and the Giants as representatives of chaos. The Gods wish to bring things together in harmony and peace, while the Giants, especially Loki and Gullveig, wish to tear things apart. We strive to emulate the Gods and work towards the harmony they exemplify. Like I said, death is inevitable, as is Ragnarok, but that does not mean we lay down and die here and now. We continue to struggle, to converge, to live.” https://norroena.org/the-nine-points-of-odinic-philosophy-2/

 

“It is time to chant from the sage’s seat,

at the spring of Urðr;

I saw and I was silent, I saw and I pondered;

I listened to the speech of men;

I heard them discuss runes; they weren’t silent with counsels,

at Hávi’s hall,

in Hávi’s hall;

I heard it said thus” 

Elder Poetic Edda Intoduction From Olive Bray 1908, :Far-blue and Long-life. The Norns who dwell by the Tree of Fate. -Earth and Heaven, Moon and Sun, Clouds and Wind, Calm and Sea, Fire and Wood, Corn and the Ale which is brewed from barley.  Odin, though a god, is not all-wise by nature, but has to learn, borrow, buy, and even steal his wisdom.

    “In April 1984, during the advent of Spring and John Muir’s birthday, George Sessions and Arne Næss summarized fifteen years of thinking on the principles of deep ecology while camping in Death Valley, California. In this great and special place, they articulated these principles in a literal, somewhat neutral way, hoping that they would be understood and accepted by persons coming from different philosophical and religious positions.

Readers are encouraged to elaborate their own versions of deep ecology, clarify key concepts and think through the consequences of acting from these principles.” -Næss, Arne, and George Sessions. "The Basic Principles of Deep Ecology." The Trumpeter 3, no. 4 (1986).

       “It is a well-known fact that the peoples of Germany never live in cities and will not even have their houses adjoin one another. They dwell apart, dotted about here and there, wherever a spring, plain, or grove takes their fancy.” -Publius Cornelius Tacitus in Germania circa 90 C.E.

    Old Norse lay of Sigrdrifa

 “Hail Day, hail sons of Day, 

hail Night and the daughter of Night! 

With eyes of blessing behold us now

 and grant us victory who sit here.”

Sol or Sunne is still a goddess, the sister or companion of the Moon god. She is drawn in her chariot by the horses Early-woke and All-fleet, and is pursued by the wolf Sköll, while Mani, who rules the changes of the moon called Ny and Ni (st. 25, Grim.), is followed by Hati. That which required growth and increase was undertaken while he was waxing; money was counted, weddings took place, and seed was planted which bore fruit above ground. But with the waning Moon INTRODUCTION. XXIII timber was felled, grass was mown, charms were used against pestilence, and the seed planted whose fruit ripened beneath the ground.

Wotan, Odin The High One, in Germanic tribes and to the Romans, who identified him with their god Mercury-Wednesday or Wotan’s day, Woden's day corresponding with "dies Mercurii." Wotan Odin won the art of poesy for men by making love to the giantess Gunnlod.  the Well of Weird is the fount of Wisdom,

“Nine days he hang pa da rutless tree, 

For ill wis da folk, in gud wis he. 

A bludy maet wis in his side, 

Made wi a lance 'at wid na hide. 

Nine lang nichts in da nippin rime 

Hang he dare wi' his neked limb.

 Some dey leuch, Bitt idders gret.”  -Shetland Isles, quoted by Bugge

       

Wotan:attaining the Runes. something softly spoken, whispered, or " rounded" in the ear; learned, these charms were inscribed in characters cut in stone or wood. he use of supernatural power was permitted in prayer, or in the divine rites performed by priests; 3 kinds of Wisdom related to Wotan: I, the runes; 2, Mimir's wisdom, for which he pledged his eye; 3, Soul-stirrer, the mead of song.  Sigrdrifumál, although it cannot be fully explained, throws suggestive lights on the subject, and shows the intimate connection of the threefold wisdom and the purpose of Odin's sacrifice. With the help of moisture from Hoddrofnir-that is, a draught from Mimir's well-Odin is said to have read, graved, and thought out the runes.  "nine mighty rune-songs"

“Bone to bone,

 blood to blood, 

limb to limb as if they were limed.”

THE STORY OF SKIRNIR.-Freyja's feather coat in st. 3, and her necklace called Brisinga-men in st. 12. 

-"Frey rules over the rain, and the shining of the sun and the growth of fruits in the ground." It is the spring-time, and Frey, the lord of light and heat, longs to embrace Gerd, the fair earth, and to draw her away from her father's wintry halls, that together they may bring forth the rich summer fruits. Whom shall he send as his herald but Skirnir, the Light-bringer, to bear the first greeting of the Sun to Earth after the long winter darkness in the North? But Earth is wilful and reluctant; hardly will she forsake her frost-bound halls. She dallies with the first tender caresses and bribes, until the Sun grows fierce and impatient, and her heart melts in love to him who had once seemed as alien to her as the summer warmth to the winter cold.” 

 

    

References:

Asatru Folk Assembly Prison ministry track: https://ccky.org/documents/2021/6/Odinism.pdf

Benoist, Alain de. Runes and the Origins of Writing. Arktos Media Ltd., 2018.

Bray, Oliver. The Elder or Poetic Edda, commonly known as Sæmund's Edda, part I: The Mythological Poems, edited and translated by Olive Bray (London: Printed for the Viking Club, 1908), pp. 61-111. https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/havamal.html

Crawford, Jackson (trans.). The Poetic Edda: Stories of the Norse Gods and Heroes. Hackett Publishing Company, 2015.

Devall, Bill, and George Sessions. Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1985.

Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm. Grimm's Household Tales, translated and edited by Margaret Hunt, with an introduction by Andrew Lang, George Bell and Sons, 1884.

Grimm, Jacob, et al. Grimm's Fairy Tales. From the 1883 translation from the German by Lucy Crane. Illustrated by Scott McKowen, Sterling Pub. Co., 2009.

Hauge, Arild Runer, Created by Arild Hauge © Denmark, Aarhus 2002

https://www.arild-hauge.com/history.htm

Hesiod. Theogony. Trans. Gregory Nagy. Creative Commons, n.d., https://kosmossociety.org/text-library/.

Köhne, Jason. Go Free: A Guide to Aligning with the Archetype of Westernkind. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017. 

Kummer, Siegfried Adolf. Rune-Magic. Edited by Edred Thorsson, Runa-Raven Press, 1993.

Runen-Magic was first published in 1933 as part of the Germanische Schriftenfolge [Teutonic Writings Series]. It was is considered a practical condensation of his earlier, larger work, Heilige Runenmacht, published in 1932. 

Lancaster, Alan R. "Danelaw Years - 7: Danes at Home, Viking Age Kingdom Over the Waves." [NewsLetter Danes at Home, discover hub pages .com,], 25 May 2019,

https://discover.hubpages.com/education/DANELAW-YEARS-7-KINGDOM-OVER-THE-WAVES-Danes-At-Home Fetched November 2025

List, Guido von. Das Geheimnis der Runen. Guido-von-List-Gesellschaft (Gross-Lichterfelde/Leipzig and Vienna), 1908.

List, Guido von. The Secret of the Runes. Edited and translated by Stephen E. Flowers, Inner Traditions, 1988. The Secret of the Runes, was originally written by Guido von List and translated and edited by Stephen E. Flowers (who also uses the pen name Edred Thorsson). 

Mees, Bernard. “The Hogganvik Inscription and Early Nordic Memorialisation.” Futhark, 2016.

McNallen, Stephen A., ed. Runestone: An Odinist Anthology. Payson, AZ: Asatru Free Assembly, 1982.

McNallen, Stephen. The Spear. Independently published, Lu Lu an Asatru Assembly 2024.

Næss, Arne, and George Sessions. "The Basic Principles of Deep Ecology." The Trumpeter 3, no. 4 (1986). (These principles were formulated while Næss and Sessions were camping in Death Valley in 1984). 

Naess, Arne, and George Sessions. “The Basic Principles of Deep Ecology”. The Trumpeter, vol. 3, no. 4, Oct. 1986, https://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/579.

Basic Principles of Deep Ecology

Authors: Arne Næss, George Sessions

Topics: deep ecology, environment, green

Date: 1984

Source: Retrieved on 9 January 2011 from www.deepecology.org

Osgood, Keith. 2023. Völuspá. Independently published. Norrena Society. 182 pages ; ISBN-13, 979-8856442433

Pettit, Edward, ed. and trans. The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023.

Puryear, M. (2020). The Ættarbók: The official guide to the Sedian nation. Independently published

The Nine Points of Sedian Philosophy Mark Puryear 

ISBN-13: 979-8644291106 (for a specific 2020 paperback edition)

https://norroena.org/the-nine-points-of-odinic-philosophy-2/

Reinicke, Tamás. Rūnō Fahi Raginakundō - Two Futhark Inscriptions from Scandinavia.

Tacitus, Cornelius. Tacitus on Britain and Germany: A Translation of the Agricola and the Germania. Translated by Harold Mattingly, Penguin Books, 1948.

Tacitus, C. (2004, November 13). Tacitus on Germany. Retrieved from www.gutenberg.org. 2025

Tacitus, Cornelius. The Annals & The Histories. Introduction by Shelby Foote, edited by Moses Hadas, translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb, Modern Library, 2003.

Waggener, Paul. "Hamingja: A Runic Program of Life Reform”  Self-published, (2025).

Wagner, Richard. (1986). Die Walküre (F. Jameson, Trans.). G. Schirmer, Inc. (Original work published 1870). 

https://www.murashev.com/opera/Die_Walk%C3%BCre_libretto_English_German